Equal Futures

Does the constitution explicitly guarantee equality or non-discrimination using open-ended language?

Explicit guarantees of equality or non-discrimination using open-ended language include prohibitions of discrimination against any other status, and guarantees of equal rights, guarantees of equality before the law, and guarantees of overall equality for any other status in a country.

No specific provision means that the constitution does not explicitly mention the right to equality or non-discrimination based on any other status. This does not mean that the constitution denies this right, but that it does not explicitly include it.

Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language means the right to equality and/or non-discrimination is guaranteed for all citizens, but does not specifically extend this right using open-ended language.

Aspirational provision using open-ended language means that the constitution protects the general right to equality and/or non-discrimination and specifically extends it to cover any other status but does not use language strong enough to be considered a guarantee. For example, constitutions in this category might state that the country aims to protect or promote equality based on any other status.

Guaranteed right using open-ended language means that the constitution protects the right to equality and/or non-discrimination using authoritative language using open-ended language. For example, constitutions in this category might guarantee citizens’ right to equality based on any other status or make it the State’s responsibility to ensure this right.

Countries

Antigua and Barbuda - No specific provision

Australia - No specific provision

Bahamas - No specific provision

Barbados - No specific provision

Botswana - No specific provision

Brunei - No specific provision

Denmark - No specific provision

Dominica - No specific provision

Greenland - No specific provision

Grenada - No specific provision

Kiribati - No specific provision

Democratic People's Republic of Korea - No specific provision

Malta - No specific provision

Mauritius - No specific provision

Nauru - No specific provision

Panama - No specific provision

Saudi Arabia - No specific provision

Sierra Leone - No specific provision

Solomon Islands - No specific provision

St. Vincent and the Grenadines - No specific provision

Afghanistan - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Albania - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Algeria - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Austria - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Azerbaijan - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Bahrain - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Belarus - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Belgium - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Belize - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Benin - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Bulgaria - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Burkina Faso - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Burundi - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Cambodia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Cameroon - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Central African Republic - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Chad - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Chile - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

China - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Comoros - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Democratic Republic of the Congo - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Republic of the Congo - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Costa Rica - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Cote d'Ivoire - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Croatia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Cyprus - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Czech Republic - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Djibouti - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Egypt - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

El Salvador - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Equatorial Guinea - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Estonia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Ethiopia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

France - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Gabon - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

The Gambia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Georgia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Germany - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Ghana - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Greece - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Guatemala - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Guinea - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Guinea-Bissau - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Haiti - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Honduras - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Hungary - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Iceland - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Iran - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Iraq - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Ireland - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Israel - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Italy - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Jamaica - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Japan - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Jordan - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Kazakhstan - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Republic of Korea - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Kuwait - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Latvia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Lebanon - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Liberia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Libya - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Liechtenstein - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Lithuania - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Luxembourg - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

North Macedonia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Madagascar - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Malaysia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Marshall Islands - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Mauritania - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Micronesia, Federated States of - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Moldova - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Monaco - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Montenegro - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Namibia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

The Netherlands - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Nicaragua - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Niger - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Nigeria - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Norway - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Oman - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Paraguay - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Peru - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

The Philippines - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Poland - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Qatar - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Romania - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Russian Federation - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Rwanda - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

San Marino - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Sao Tome and Principe - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Senegal - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Seychelles - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Singapore - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Slovakia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Slovenia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Spain - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

St. Kitts and Nevis - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

St. Lucia - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Syria - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Tajikistan - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Tanzania - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Togo - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Tonga - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Trinidad and Tobago - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Turkmenistan - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Tuvalu - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Ukraine - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

United Arab Emirates - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

United Kingdom - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

United States of America - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Uruguay - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Vietnam - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Yemen - Equality generally guaranteed, but without open-ended language

Argentina - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Bangladesh - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Bhutan - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

India - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Laos - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Lesotho - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Morocco - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Nepal - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Pakistan - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Palau - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Papua New Guinea - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Samoa - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Sri Lanka - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Sudan - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Sweden - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Türkiye - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Uganda - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Vanuatu - Aspirational provision using open-ended language

Andorra - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Angola - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Armenia - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Bolivia - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Brazil - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Canada - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Cabo Verde - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Colombia - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Cuba - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Dominican Republic - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Ecuador - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Eritrea - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Fiji - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Finland - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Guyana - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Indonesia - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Kenya - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Kyrgyzstan - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Malawi - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Maldives - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Mali - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Mexico - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Mongolia - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Mozambique - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Myanmar - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

New Zealand - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Portugal - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Serbia - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Somalia - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

South Africa - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

South Sudan - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Suriname - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Eswatini - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Switzerland - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Thailand - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Timor-Leste - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Tunisia - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Uzbekistan - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Venezuela - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Zambia - Guaranteed right using open-ended language

Zimbabwe - Guaranteed right using open-ended language